The cecum is found at the point where the small intestine joins the large intestine. Cecum, large intestine, liver, small intestine, spleen. Large intestine, pancreas, small intestine, spleen, stomach. The stomach and liver are lifted to show the pancreas. The spleen has been moved aside the reveal the pancreas. Small intestine, large intestine, pancreas, spleen, stomach. Large intestine, liver, small intestine, spleen, stomach. the liver has been lifted to reveal the gallbladder. Bile duct, gallbladder, large intestine, liver, small intestine. Duodenum, gallbladder, liver, lungs, large intestine, pancreas, small intestine, stomach – The liver has been lifted to reveal the gallbladder. The appendix in humans is the evolutionary remains of a larger cecum in human ancestors. The cecum is large in herbivores but much of it has been lost during evolution in humans. It houses bacteria used to digest plant materials such as cellulose. The cecum is a blind pouch where the small intestine joins the large intestine. The spleen is an elongate, flattened, brownish organ that extends along the posterior part of the stomach ventral to (above) the pancreas. Lift the stomach and identify this light-colored organ. It extends along the length of the stomach from the left side of the body (your right) to the point where the stomach joins the small intestine. The pancreas is located dorsal and posterior to the stomach. Find the bile duct that leads to the small intestine. This structure stores bile produced by the liver. Lift the right lobe and find the gallbladder. Locate the cecum, a blind pouch where the small intestine joins the large intestine. Find the posterior part of the large intestine called the rectum and observe that it leads to the anus. Identify the small intestine and large intestine. Using a probe, trace follow the esophagus to the stomach. You have already seen how the esophagus leads from the pharynx through the neck region. You should not remove these structures yet because you will need to identify the blood vessels later in the dissection.īelow: esophagus, larynx, trachea, bronchus, lungs. ![]() In the photograph below, the heart and blood vessels of the neck region have been removed so that the trachea can be seen more clearly. The large hard structure attached to the trachea is the larynx. ![]() The surrounding tissues have been separated to reveal the thyroid gland.Ĭontinue separating the tissue with a probe until the trachea and esophagus are exposed. The thyroid gland is darker and lies between the posterior ends of the two lobes of the thymus gland. Use a probe to separate the two lobes of the thymus gland and to further separate the musculature over the trachea. Use the probe to peel away muscle tissue until the thymus gland on each side of the trachea is exposed. From the laryngopharynx, air passes through the glottis to the trachea.īelow: hard palate, soft palate, glottis, epiglottis, tongue Figure 13.12.Ĭarefully, peel the skin away from the incision in the neck region using a blunt probe (a needle or the point of scissors will do if a blunt probe is not available). Below the oropharynx, the laryngopharynx leads to the opening of the larynx and esophagus. Air and food pass through the oropharynx, a space in the posterior portion of the mouth. When breathing, air passes through the nasal passages to the nasopharynx. The hard palate and soft palate separate the nasal and oral cavities. ![]() The epiglottis projects up into a region called the pharynx. Open the jaw wide enough so that the glottis and epiglottis are exposed. You will need to cut through the musculature and the joint that holds the lower jaw to the skull. Use a scalpel to cut the sides of the mouth so that the bottom jaw can be opened for easier viewing (see the photograph below). These two cuts will enable you to spread open the abdominal cavity. Figure 13.9.Ī cut is made on the side of the animal from the point just posterior to the diaphragm dorsally. Cut completely through the body wall in the abdominal area but keep the cut shallow in the neck region. Figure 13.8.Įxtend a single cut along the midline of the ventral surface of the animal to about 2 cm from the chin. The flap of body wall that contains the navel can be folded posteriorly to reveal the internal organs of the abdomen. Your finished cut will be anterior to the navel and along each side of the navel. Continue cutting from the anterior end of this cut so that it resembles an upside-down U. Insert one blade of scissors through the body wall on one side of the umbilical cord and cut posteriorly to the base of the leg as shown in the first photograph below. Tie one front leg of the animal with a string that passes underneath the dissecting pan to the other leg.
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